The science behind VeroMass

Rigorous, documented methodology you can trust. Three independent verification gates — mass, retention time, and spectral match — against a 40,000+ standard reference collection, delivering MSI Level 1a confidence.

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Three-Gate Verification
Three orthogonal gates. One definitive answer.
VeroMass does not return ranked candidates. Every identification passes through three independent verification gates, each comparing the submitted feature against a physically measured standard. Only when all three gates agree do we report MSI Level 1a.
Mass Accuracy
Retention Time
MS² Fragmentation

Gate 1: Mass Accuracy

The measured mass of the precursor ion is compared against the theoretical monoisotopic mass of every standard in the library, across both ESI+ and ESI− adduct series. Tolerance window ≤ 9 mDa; typical observed error ±0.6 mDa. Adducts screened include [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, [M+NH4]+, [M−H]−, [M+FA−H]− and [M+Cl]−.

Library Construction
40,000+ authenticated standards, physically measured.
Every standard in the VeroMass library was sourced as a high-purity reference compound, dissolved, injected, and analysed on a calibrated LC-MS/MS system. No spectra are predicted or computationally generated.
40,000+
Authenticated reference standards, each physically run on instrument
2
Polarities per standard — ESI+ and ESI− acquired independently
80,000+
Total measured spectra — MS¹ + MS² at multiple collision energies
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Flavonoids

Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanins, biflavonoids — aglycones and O- and C-glycosides across all substitution patterns.

Phenolic Acids & Hydroxycinnamates

Caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, coumaric acids and their quinate, shikimate, and sugar esters, including chlorogenic acid isomers.

Alkaloids

Tropane, isoquinoline, indole, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, each with characterised fragment pathways.

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Terpenoids & Saponins

Mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids, including saponins with complex sugar chains.

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Lipids & Fatty Acids

Oxylipins, free fatty acids, glycerolipids, and phospholipids relevant to plant membrane biology.

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Amino Acids & Derivatives

Proteinogenic and modified amino acids, betaines, and small-molecule nitrogen metabolites.

MSI Confidence
Why Level 1a matters.
The Metabolomics Standards Initiative defines four confidence levels for metabolite identification. Level 1a requires an exact match on mass, fragmentation, and retention time against a standard that physically exists. VeroMass delivers Level 1a, not a ranked list.
1a

Confirmed

Three orthogonal gates (mass, RT, MS²) agree against an authentic standard. Verified in both ESI+ and ESI−. This is what VeroMass delivers.

2

Putative

Matched to a library spectrum or diagnostic evidence, but no authentic standard is available for co-elution verification.

3

Tentative

Assigned to a compound class based on spectral similarity or predicted properties. A hypothesis, not an identification.

What Level 1a is not

In-silico tools that return ranked candidates based on predicted fragmentation do not reach Level 1a. However sophisticated the scoring, without a measured standard for RT and MS² validation, the answer is a probability, not an identity. VeroMass offers measured evidence, not ranked guesses.

Quality Metrics
Measured performance, not promises.
Every gate has defined thresholds that are applied uniformly across the entire library. The figures below represent the validation set from the full production library.

Cosine Threshold

≥ 0.85 minimum cosine score between submitted and library MS² spectrum. The library-wide median cosine for true matches is 0.965, well above the threshold.

Mass Accuracy

Precursor mass tolerance of ≤ 9 mDa. The median observed error across all standards in both polarities is ±0.6 mDa, corresponding to sub-ppm accuracy on most small molecules.

Retention Time Tolerance

RT gate set at ≤ 0.3 min vs. the authentic standard. Co-elution is verified by the RT predictor (R² = 0.986) and cross-checked against the measured library RT.

Dual-Polarity Coverage

Every standard measured in both ESI+ and ESI−. Many metabolites ionise preferentially in one polarity; dual coverage ensures no compound is missed due to ionisation bias.

Collision Energy Variation

Each standard is fragmented at multiple collision energies (20, 35, 50 eV) to capture energy-dependent spectral variation and ensure robust matching across instrument types.

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Batch Reproducibility

QC standards are reinjected every 20 samples to monitor mass drift, RT shift, and signal intensity. Acceptance criteria: mass error ≤ 3 mDa, RT shift ≤ 0.1 min over the entire batch.

Publications
Publications in preparation
Manuscripts covering the library construction pipeline and three-gate verification are in preparation. They will be listed here with DOIs once published.

The full methodology is documented above. If you are evaluating VeroMass and need additional detail for internal or peer review, contact us and we will provide it directly.

Experience the science firsthand.
Upload your own LC-MS/MS run and see Level 1a identifications generated in real time, backed by measured standards and three orthogonal verification gates.